ABSTRACT

The question of the subject constitution is inescapable not only for the linguistics, but also in general human sciences. This thesis, for the purpose of supplying elements for the rethought of the own roll of the science and of the intellectual in the new configuration of knowledge faced in the last century, wants to discuss, bringing back the discussion made by Bakthin in Toward a Philosophy of the Act, the ethics and the question of the truth, performing paths and various dialogues, under several perspectives and points of view. In the first chapters the question of the truth is discussed. In Chapter 1, the narrative of our path, of the first texts, questionings and contacts are initiated, which lead to the object of study delimitation in that – and only in that – way. In the second chapter, the paradigm changes which come from studies in the physics field are discussed, enlightened by contributions of intellectuals such as Edgar Morin, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Ilya Prigogine, and its possible implications to the theory of knowledge. In the third chapter, the own existence of a single and indubitable reality is questioned, opening the way to objections to the language theories as representations of the reality and the truth as correspondence. In this context, as shown, a science of universals and a essential ontologisms subject lose place, thereafter being severely criticized, and the existence of the own reality as we know it loses place in the same way. In the fourth Chapter, we come closer to the text Toward a Philosophy of the Act (Bakhtin, 1993 [1919-1921]) and discuss, enlightened by the reflection of the previous chapters, the bakhtinians conceptions of Istina and Pravda and their implications and contributions for a deep ethic discussion and for a broader debate in the fields of the Philosophy of science and the Theory of Knowledge. From that perspective, in Chapter 5, the purpose of the discussion is referred again to Žižek and Lacan through the paths of real ethics and psychoanalysis. The main discussion is
about the studies which claim an unconditional autonomy of the subject, an acceptation that, as human beings, we are responsible, in a last analysis, for our acts and our being-inthe- world. In the final part of the project, the bakhtinian perspective, as disscussed in this text, is revised enlighted by the biology of the love (Maturana, 1998), since the first one presents the conditions and the demands for the dialogue exercise and the second one makes explicit the importance of being put under the regency of the principle of love if we want to dialogue effectively. Therefore a discussion is proposed so that it allows contributions to the construction of a society which can be called effectively democratic, as love implies decentralization, the opening to others, or, in the words of Edgar Morin, “it does not consist only of projecting our truth to others” or perceive it exclusively according to our eyes, but it consists of letting us being “contaminated” by its truth” (Morin,1998),.

Rodrigues, Elenita Gonçalves. Descendo a toca do coelho : Linguagem, ética e a questão da verdade / Elenita Gonçalves Rodrigues. -- Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2008. Orientador : Kanavillil Rajagopalan. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem.